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usersguide:managinguseraccounts [2014/11/12 14:27] lionelsambuc created |
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+ | ====== Managing User Accounts ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | You'll need to be the root user to do any of the following. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Adding a New Group ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | To add a new user group to the system, use the //group add// command. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # group add wheel | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Adding a New User ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | To add a new user to the system, run the //user add// command. The arguments to //user add// are //-m// to create a home directory, //-g// followed by the group name, and then the user name. The group must already exist and the user must not. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Examples: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # user add -m -g users foo | ||
+ | |||
+ | # user add -m -d /root2 -g operator anotherroot | ||
+ | |||
+ | # user add -m -g staff mike | ||
+ | |||
+ | # user add -m -g management steve | ||
+ | |||
+ | # user add -m -g boss fred | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | The typical groups for new users are **other** or **users** (for ordinary users), or **operator** (for system administrator). The user's home directory is normally created in ///home///, but can be changed using the //-d directory// option. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The new user's full name and password will be unset and the default shell will be //sh//. To change them, use the //chfn//, //passwd//, //chsh//, and //user mod// commands or have the user set them themselves after logging in. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Examples: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # chfn foo | ||
+ | |||
+ | # chsh -s /bin/zsh anotherroot | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | The user is now created, but it is still not usable to login, as you must first set a password: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # passwd foo | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Operator users ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | /!\ **//Stale: information below is not completely accurate, and reflects more the intentions of previous versions of MINIX than the current state.//** | ||
+ | |||
+ | The system has been set up with the idea that working as //root// is a bad thing to do. As //root// you are in no way protected from doing stupid things. So do not do development as root, but work as //bin//! Only in exceptional cases do you want to become //root//. Being //root// is fun for wannabe hackers; administrators know better. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div round important> | ||
+ | /!\ **//Obsolete stuff, which might or might not come back...//** | ||
+ | |||
+ | To make life easier for //bin// some programs like su([[http://www.minix3.org/manpages/man1/su.1.html|1]]), install([[http://www.minix3.org/manpages/man1/install.1.html|1]]) and shutdown([[http://www.minix3.org/manpages/man8/shutdown.8.html|8]]) treat //bin// and other members of the //operator// group as special and allow them the privileges of //root//. (One is an //operator// if one's group ID is zero.) //Operator//s should share the shadow password of root by having ''##root'' in their password field. This way they all have one face (password) to the outside world, forming no greater security risk than root alone. | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can edit the ///etc/passwd// file using the //vipw// command. By default, it will use the //vi// text editor. This can be changed by using the //EDITOR// environment variable. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # EDITOR=nano vipw | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Default Home Directory Contents ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | When you create a new user, the contents of the ///usr/ast// directory are copied to the user's new home directory. To change the default files provided whenever a new user is created, just change the contents of this directory. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Removing a User ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | To remove a user: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # user del foo | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | To remove a user and their home directory: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # user del -r foo | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Removing a Group ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Removing a group is very similar to removing a user. All you need to do is the following: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | # group del wheel | ||
+ | </code> | ||